MRCPCH FOP & TAS

Foundation of Practice (FOP)

[FMsk1] Know the normal variations of limb development e.g. bow legs and knock knees, in-toeing, flat feet

[FMsk2] Know about the assessment, causes, and initial management of joint and limb pain, joint laxity, and swelling

[FMsk3] Be aware of the presentation of muscular disease including the dystrophies

[FMsk4] Know the differential diagnosis of pain on walking and limp and initial management

[FMsk5] Know the causes of back pain and initial management

[FMsk6] Know the causes of acute and chronic arthritis including those with systemic manifestations (e.g. Henoch- Schönlein purpura) and understand the principles of management

[FMsk7] Know how to recognize the various causes of scoliosis and how they present

[FMsk8] Know how to recognize developmental dysplasia of the hip, appropriate referral pathways, and usual management

Theory and Science (TAS)

[TMsk1] Know and understand the anatomy of the musculoskeletal system

[TMsk2] Know the histology and understand the physiology and pathophysiology of muscles and joints in health and disease and understanding how structure relates to function

[TMsk3] Know the science underlying investigations used in the diagnosis of musculoskeletal disorders

[TMsk4] Know the genetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of musculoskeletal disorders

[TMsk5] Understand the pathophysiology underlying disease associations of rheumatological conditions with other conditions including eye disease, and metabolic disorders

[TMsk6] Understand the pharmacology of agents, including monoclonal antibodies, used in the treatment of musculoskeletal disease

Foundation of Practice (FOP)

[FEndG1] Know the presentation of disorders of the adrenal, thyroid, and parathyroid glands and understand the principles of management
[FEndG2] Know the presentation of disorders of the pituitary gland and understand the principles of management
[FEndG3] Understand the patterns of normal growth and development including puberty and its normal variations
[FEndG4] Understand the principles and practice of growth measurement, including plotting and interpretation of growth charts
[FEndG5] Know the causes of abnormal growth including short stature and slow or accelerated growth. Know about appropriate assessment, investigation and treatment
Theory and Science (TAS)

[TEndG1] Understand the anatomy, embryology and function of the important endocrine organs e.g. brain, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals and gonads
[TEndG2] Understand the pathophysiological basis of disorders of the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal glands
[TEndG3] Understand the pathophysiological basis of endocrine emergencies including adrenal crisis and hypoglycaemia
[TEndG4] Understand the physiological actions and regulation of endocrine hormones
[TEndG5] Understand the scientific basis of the investigation of endocrine disease
[TEndG6] Understand the physiological basis of growth and puberty
[TEndG7] Know the genetic and environmental factors that influence growth and puberty
[TEndG8] Understand the scientific and statistical basis of growth measurement and charting

Foundation of Practice (FOP)

[FDerm1] Know the causes and management of skin infections and cellulitis
[FDerm2] Know the side effects and different potencies of topical steroids
[FDerm3] Know the common causes of fever and rash – e.g. exanthemata, Kawasaki
[FDerm4] To be able to assess simple birthmarks such as strawberry naevi and Mongolian blue spots and refer when appropriate
[FDerm5] Know the causes features and management of rashes- HSP, erythema nodosum and multiforme and the association between skin rashes and common systemic diseases and when to refer
[FDerm6] To be able to diagnose, investigate and manage common skin rashes e.g. eczema, acne, impetigo, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, dermatitis, cradle cap, and nappy rash
[FDerm7] Understand the emotional impact of severe dermatological problems
Theory and Science (TAS)

[TDerm1] Understand the anatomy of the skin
[TDerm2] Know how abnormalities in skin anatomy and physiology relate to appearance, dysfunction, and disease
[TDerm3] Understand how injuries to the skin including burns affect the function
[TDerm4] Understand the role of infective agents in skin disease
[TDerm5] Understand the pharmacology of agents used to treat common skin diseases

Foundation of Practice (FOP)

[FNeph1] Understand the principles of management of disorders of urogenital tract disorders and know when to seek surgical referral
[FNeph2] Know the manifestations of acute and chronic renal diseases
[FNeph3] Know the manifestations and management of urinary tract infections in different age groups
[FNeph4] Know the causes of haematuria and proteinuria (including nephrotic syndrome and acute nephritis) and recognise features in the presentation that suggest serious or significant pathology
[FNeph5] Know the principles of managing enuresis
[FNeph6] Know the causes and assessment of polyuria and polydipsia and when to refer
Theory and Science (TAS)

[TNeph1] Know the anatomy and embryology of the urogenital system
[TNeph2] Know the genetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of renal and bladder disorders
[TNeph3] Understand the physiology of the normal kidney and bladder and the pathophysiological and histopathological changes that occur in renal disorders
[TNeph4] Understand the scientific basis of imaging and physiological investigations used in renal disorders
[TNeph5] Understand the physiological basis of renal dialysis and hemofiltration
[TNeph6] Understand the pharmacology of agents commonly used in renal disorders

Foundation of Practice (FOP)

[FMetM1] Know about fluid, acid-base and electrolyte disturbances and their management
[FMetM2] Know the common clinical presentations of metabolic disease
[FMetM3] Know about the metabolic bone disease and its management
[FMetM4] Know about the screening procedures for inherited metabolic conditions
Theory and Science (TAS)

[TMetM1] Understand the biochemistry and metabolism of fat, protein and carbohydrate including urea cycle, Krebs cycle, fatty acid cycle
[TMetM2] Know the genetic and environmental factors in the etiology of metabolic disorders
[TMetM3] Understand the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders.g. electrolyte and acid-base disturbance, hyperammonaemia, hypoglycemia
[TMetM4] Understand the scientific basis of investigations that are used in the diagnosis of metabolic disorders
[TMetM5] Understand the physiology and pathophysiology of bone metabolism
[TMetM6] Understand the scientific principles underlying screening for metabolic disease
[TMetM7] Understand the principles of dietary, vitamin and pharmacological treatment of metabolic diseases

Foundation of Practice (FOP)

[FGasH1] Know the causes of acute abdominal pain, and recognise when to refer, including urgency of referral
[FGasH2] Know the presentations, causes and management of chronic and recurrent abdominal pain including when to refer
[FGasH3] Know the causes of vomiting/regurgitation at different ages and to be able to assess, manage and refer appropriately
[FGasH4] Know the causes of acute diarrhoeal illness, how to assess and manage and when to refer
[FGasH5] Know the common causes of chronic diarrhoea and its initial investigation and management
[FGasH6] Know the common causes of food allergies and intolerances, their initial management and when to appropriately refer
[FGasH7] Know how to diagnose and manage constipation
[FGasH8] Know the causes of jaundice and when to refer
[FGasH9] Know the common causes of upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding, initial management and appropriate referral
[FGasH10] To be able to recognise and understand the management of common surgical conditions including hernias, and pyloric stenosis
[FGasH11] Know the varied presentations of coeliac disease and its investigation and management
[FGasH12] Know the presentation of disorders of the exocrine pancreas
Theory and Science (TAS)

[TGasH1] Understand the pathophysiology of vomiting/regurgitation
[TGasH2] Understand the pathological mechanisms of infective agents in the gut and liver
[TGasH3] Understand the pathophysiology of diarrhea
[TGasH4] Understand the pathophysiology of food allergies and intolerances
[TGasH5] Understand the pathophysiology of constipation
[TGasH6] Understand the pathophysiology of liver disorders including jaundice
[TGasH7] Know the anatomy and embryology of the gastrointestinal tract and how variation relates to specific disorders e.g. malrotation, atresias, Hirschprung disease
[TGasH8] Know the basic histopathology and cellular dysfunction ofimportant disorders causing malabsorption including coeliac disease
[TGasH9] Understand the physiological basis of normal gut, liver and exocrine pancreatic function including motility, digestion, absorption and secretion

Foundation of Practice (FOP)

[FNutr1] Know the constituents of a healthy diet at all ages including breast and formula feeding in infancy
[FNutr2] Understand the principles of infant feeding
[FNutr3] Know the causes of malnutrition and understand the epidemiology and public health consequences of obesity
[FNutr4] To be able to recognize obesity, understand the consequences of obesity on health and well-being in the short and long term and advise young people and their families on effective strategies to manage this and use BMI measurements and charts
[FNutr5] Know the clinical presentation and management of vitamin deficiencies
Theory and Science (TAS)

[TNutr1] Understand the principles of body composition in children and its basic assessment e.g.weight, BMI
[TNutr2] Understand the scientific basis of nutrition
[TNutr3] Know the constitution of infant feeds commonly used in health and disease
[TNutr4] Know the principles of nutritional management in childhood disease e.g. neonates, intensive care, cystic fibrosis
[TNutr5] Know the nutritional consequences of being underweight and overweight on other body systems e.g. cardiac and on long-term health
[TNutr6] Know the epidemiology of obesity and malnutrition in global child health
[TNutr7] Know the scientific basis of dietary supplementation including calories, vitamins, minerals
Applied Knowledge in Practice (AKP)

[ANutr1] To be able to assess, diagnose and manage malnutrition, obesity, and their complications
[ANutr2] To be able to assess, diagnose and manage specific vitamin and mineral and micronutrient deficiencies

Foundation of Practice (FOP)

[FIia1] Know about common infections of children in the UK and important worldwide infections, e.g. TB, HIV, hepatitis B, malaria, polio
[FIia2] Know the UK national guidelines on notification of communicable diseases
[FIia3] Know and understand the basic principles of infection control, how outbreaks of infection including nosocomial infection occur, and how they should be investigated
[FIia4] To be able to assess and manage a febrile child and have knowledge of current evidence-based guidelines
[FIia5] Understand the principles and the rationale of immunisation programs including the national immunisation programme for children in the UK
[FIia6] Know and understand the indications, contraindications, complications and controversies of routine childhood immunisations and able to advise parents about immunisations
[FIia7] Know the common allergies and advise on management
[FIia8] Know when antimicrobials are indicated
[FIia9] Understand the normal patterns and frequency of infections in childhood
Theory and Science (TAS)
[TIia1] Know the epidemiology, pathology and natural history of common infections of childhood including normal patterns of frequency
[TIia2] Understand microbiological characteristics, including antibiotic resistance, virulence and other mechanisms which lead to the spread of infection in communities and populations
[TIia3] Understand the pathophysiology of fever and sepsis and the scientific rationale for treatment
[TIia4] Understand the scientific basis of immunisation
[TIia5] Understand the scientific basis of allergy and anaphylaxis and the rationale for treatments
[TIia6] Understand host defence mechanisms and their pattern of development
[TIia7] Know the epidemiology, genetic and environmental triggers and natural history of atopic, allergic and autoimmune diseases

[TIia8] Understand the pharmacology and rational use of antimicrobials including the problem of resistance development

[TIia9] Know the classification and essential features of infectious agents

Foundation of Practice (FOP)

[FPSCG1] Know the role of patient safety and clinical governance in safe healthcare delivery

[FPSCG2] To be able to describe the impact of human factors on delivering safe clinical care

[FPSCG3] Know how to exchange information in a timely manner to establish a shared understanding among appropriate members of the team

[FPSCG4] Know what to do to minimize the risk of transmission of infection

[TPSCG5] Understand the factors that drive pandemic/ epidemic infections and appreciate how this is used in clinical practice to prevent them

[FPSCG6] Understand the ethical implications of patient testing in the event of a needle stick injury

Theory and Science (TAS)

[TPSCG1] Understand the concepts of patient safety and clinical governance

[TPSCG2] Know about the human factors and physiological stressors (e.g. fatigue, hunger) that contribute to adverse events

[TPSCG3] Understands how effective communication has been shown to reduce clinical risk

[TPSCG4] Know the main routes of transmission of hospital acquired infections and their prevention

Foundation of Practice (FOP)

[FOphth1] Know the presenting features of visual impairment and the principles of management
[FOphth2] Know the causes and management of eye infections and inflammatory disorders
[FOphth3] Know the common causes of an absent red reflex, to able to refer appropriately and be aware of management options
[FOphth4] Know the common causes of ptosis and proptosis and the principles of management
[FOphth5] Know the causes and presentations of strabismus and the principles of management
Theory and Science (TAS)

[TOphth1] Know the anatomy and embryology of the eye and understand how the structure of the eye relates to function
[TOphth2] Know the genetic and environmental factors in the etiology of eye disorders
[TOphth3] Understand the normal development of vision and the pathophysiology of visual impairment
[TOphth4] Know the physiology of the eye and its movement e.g. pupillary reflexes, anisocoria, strabismus, refractive errors, nystagmus
[TOphth5] Understand the pharmacology of agents commonly used in eye disease including antimicrobials and mydriatics

[FGenD1] Understand patterns of disease inheritance and able to construct a family tree and interpret patterns of inheritance
[TGenD1] Understand the scientific basis of genetic disorders and inheritance
[FGenD2] Know about the features of common chromosome disorders e.g. Down, Turner and Fragile X syndromes
[TGenD2] Understand the chromosomal and molecular basis of genetic disorders and the principles of testing
[FGenD3] Know the basis of genetic screening and diagnosis, the common conditions for which they are used and the ethical dilemmas they pose
[TGenD3] Understand the scientific basis of genetic screening and diagnosis
[FGenD4] Know about environmental factors which may affect pre-natal development, e.g. maternal health, alcohol and drugs
[TGenD4] Know the environmental factors which may affect prenatal development

[FEthL1] Understand the principles of child advocacy i.e. that all decisions are to be made in the best interest of the child and issues relating to consent and confidentiality
[TEthL1] Know the legal rights of children and young people in the UK

Foundation of Practice (FOP)

[FPharm1] Know how to find out information necessary for safe prescribing through use of pediatric formularies and pharmacy liaison
[FPharm2] Know how to prescribe safely and be aware of adverse effects and interactions of drugs
[FPharm3] Know about the need to explain to parents the unlicensed and off-label prescription of drugs

Theory and Science (TAS)

[TPharm1] Understand the mode of action, physiological and metabolic mechanisms of therapeutic agents including intravenous fluids
[TPharm2] Understand the mechanisms of undesired effects of therapeutic agents
[TPharm3] Understand the pharmacokinetic principles of dosing and prescribing in children

Foundation of Practice (FOP)

[FNeo1] Know and understand the effects of antenatal and perinatal events
[FNeo2] Know about the antenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects
[FNeo3] Know the problems associated with prematurity and the long-term sequelae including the impact on the family and community
[FNeo4] To be able to recognize and initiate the management of common disorders in the newborn including sepsis
[FNeo5] Understand the principles of newborn feeding and growth recognizing the importance of breastfeeding and being able to advise on lactation difficulties and contraindications
[FNeo6] Be aware of the occurrence and clinical features of maternal to the fetal transmission of infection
[FNeo7] Know about the support networks for families and babies including those from socially disadvantaged families
[FNeo8] Know the range of newborn screening tests used in the UK including hematological and metabolic conditions, cystic fibrosis, and the universal newborn hearing screening program
[FNeo9] Know about common minor congenital abnormalities and their initial management
[FNeo10] Understand the causes and features of neonatal jaundice know when to refer for further investigation and be able to recognize the early presentation of neonatal hepatitis and biliary atresia
[FNeo11] Know the presentations of neonatal seizures and recognize abnormal neurological features e.g. the floppy baby
[FNeo12] Know the principles and methods of neonatal resuscitation
[FNeo13] Know how to recognize, assess and initially manage respiratory disorders in the neonatal period
[FNeo14] To be able to recognize and assess birth injury with appropriate referral
[FNeo15] Know about the identification, initial management, and appropriate referral pathways for neonatal surgical problems including NEC
Theory and Science (TAS)

[TNeo1] Understand the normal physiological processes occurring during the perinatal period
[TNeo2] Understand the scientific basis of common diseases and conditions affecting the newborn including the consequences of prematurity
[TNeo3] Understand the physiology underlying fluid and electrolyte management and nutrition in the neonate
[TNeo4] Understand the science of acquired and congenital infections in the newborn period
[TNeo5] Understand the statistical principles and science of the practice of newborn screening
[TNeo6] Understand the embryology of the human fetus from conception to birth and how errors in this process can lead to diseases or congenital anomalies
[TNeo7] Understand the physiology of jaundice in the neonatal period and the principles of treatment
[TNeo8] Understand the causes and mechanism of brain injury in term and preterm infants and its relationship to short and long-term neurodevelopmental sequelae
[TNeo9] Understand the physiological basis of neonatal resuscitation
[TNeo10] Understand the principles of mechanical ventilation including the interpretation of blood gases
[TNeo11] Understand the pathophysiology of respiratory disease of the newborn and its complications

Foundation of Practice (FOP)

[FNeuro1] Know the causes of headache and to be able to treat or refer as necessary
[FNeuro2] Know the likely causes and management of meningitis/encephalitis and altered consciousness
[FNeuro3] Know the causes of hydrocephalus, macrocephaly and microcephaly and when to refer
Theory and Science (TAS)

[TNeuro1] Know the genetic and environmental factors in the etiology of neurological disorders
[TNeuro2] Understand the scientific principles of neurophysiological studies e.g. EEG, EMG, BAER, otoacoustic emissions

Foundation of Practice (FOP)

[FHaeO1] Know the causes and presentations of anaemia and their initial investigation and management
[FHaeO2] Know and understand safe transfusion practice
[FHaeO3] Know the causes of bleeding, purpura and bruising and recognise features in the presentation which suggest serious underlying pathology
[FHaeO4] Know how to interpret haematological investigations including full blood count, blood film and coagulation studies
[FHaeO5] Know the clinical manifestations of acute leukaemia, lymphoma, and solid tumours
[FHaeO6] Know how to assess a child withlymphadenopathy or other masses and when to refer
[FHaeO7] Know about the risks and benefits of ionising radiation
[FHaeO8] Understand the role of different health care professionals in shared care for oncological conditions
Theory and Science (TAS)

[THaeO1] Understand the physiology and pathophysiology of
haematopoiesis that occurs throughout childhood
[THaeO2] Understand the scientific basis of blood transfusion including the role of major and minor blood antigens
[THaeO3] Understand the pathophysiology of coagulation disorders and hypercoagulable states
[THaeO4] To be able to interpret commonly reported haematological investigations
[THaeO5] Know the genetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of haematological disorders and malignancies and understand the molecular basis of cell growth and regulation
[THaeO6] Know the anatomy of the reticuloendothelial system
[THaeO7] Understand the tissue effects of ionising radiation
[THaeO8] Understand the pharmacology of drugs used in the treatment of haematological and oncological disorders including monoclonal antibodies

(FUNCTION TESTS- IMAGING AS DMSA-MUCG.ETC…)